Power Factor Calculator

Power Factor – Definition

Power factor (PF) is the ratio between real power (kW) and apparent power (kVA) in an electrical system. It indicates how effectively electrical power is being converted into useful work. A power factor closer to 1 means the system is more efficient, while a low power factor indicates wasted energy and higher current flow.

Background Theory

Power in AC circuits is divided into three components:

• Real Power (kW) – the actual useful power that performs work

• Reactive Power (kVAR) – power that oscillates between source and load due to inductance or capacitance

• Apparent Power (kVA) – the vector sum of real and reactive power

The mathematical relationships are:

Low PF occurs in inductive loads such as motors, transformers, and compressors, resulting in higher current draw and increased system losses.

How This Calculator Works

This calculator allows you to compute any one of the four major AC power quantities:

• Power Factor (PF)

• Real Power (kW)

• Apparent Power (kVA)

• Reactive Power (kVAR)

It works by:

1. Letting you select which parameter you want to solve for

2. Accepting the known values (e.g., kW & kVA, or kVA & PF, etc.)

3. Applying the appropriate AC power equations

4. Displaying the result instantly with proper units

This tool provides quick and accurate evaluation of AC circuit performance, energy efficiency, and reactive power requirements—useful for electrical engineers, designers, and industrial maintenance teams.